Suchergebnisse

The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors influencing saving behavior among households in a developing country. Sri Lanka being a developing country, has recorded a relatively lower households' saving rate when compared with its peer regional counterparts. The study approximates the socio-economic and demographic factors towards the level of saving of households in Sri Lanka using a quantile regression approach based on the Household Income and Expenditure Survey, conducted by the Department of Census and Statistics of Sri Lanka. Results were obtained by using the stepwise quantile regression technique. The findings of this study conclude that when Sri Lankan households have a higher per-capita income, they tend to have a higher saving level. Moreover, age and marital status have a significant impact on the level of saving in Sri Lankan households. Additionally, poverty and employment status have a significant impact to the level of saving on Sri Lankan households. This research paper bridges empirical gaps in this area of study. Furthermore, this study has been conducted encompassing the entire country rather than limiting it to a district or segment, hence, is comprehensive. As per the generated results gender, income and education levels have shown a significant positive impact towards the level of saving, whilst marital status and poverty have shown a significant negative impact towards the level of saving. It is considered that when the demographic and socio-economic factors are affecting favorably, the level of saving tends to increase and vice versa. Accordingly, findings of the study can provide insights to policymakers to devise policies and incentives to encourage savings behaviour and level of savings among households in Sri Lanka. This is beneficial as coping strategies specially during crises, where dependency of households on government assisted welfare schemes is likely to be less. Keywords: Household Saving Behaviour, Motives of Savings, Barriers to Saving, Quantile Regression

Die drei großen Komponenten des demographischen Wandels, Alterung, Schrumpfung und Internationalisierung, erfassen die Regionen Deutschlands mit unterschiedlicher Intensität und unterschiedlicher Gewichtung. Trotz der generell einsetzenden Abnahme der Bevölkerung wird es durchaus noch Regionen geben, die bis 2020 Bevölkerungsgewinne aufweisen können. Unter räumlichen Gesichtspunkten ist daher das Nebeneinander von wachsenden und schrumpfenden Regionen eine weitere Eigenschaft des demographischen Wandels, vor allem in der näheren Zukunft. Allerdings sind für die Zukunft nicht nur quantitative, sondern verstärkt auch qualitative Aspekte des Wandels zu bedenken. Sie drücken sich in der Pluralisierung und Ausdifferenzierung der Lebensstile aus und haben z. B. eine Heterogenisierung der Nachfrage mit zunehmend individualisierten Bedürfnissen zur Folge. Ein Blick über den Prognosehorizont bis 2020 hinaus zeigt, dass nach 2020 der Rückgang der Bevölkerung, der langfristig fast alle Regionen betreffen wird, ein immer größeres Gewicht bekommen wird.

It is evident that there has been a rapid growth of electronic commerce and online shopping. Hence, this study examined the effect of selected antecedents and risk factors on online purchase behaviour in Malaysia under the premise of an adapted stimulus&ndash ; organism&ndash ; response (SOR) model. This study used a cross-sectional design to collect data from 330 selected respondents from Peninsular Malaysia. The findings revealed that the age of consumers, as well as perceived after-sales risk, financial risk, psychological risk, and social risk, had a significant effect on the online purchase behaviour in Malaysia. Apart from enriching the existing body of knowledge, this study offers several significant practical implications. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the government and online businesses should focus on Generation Y, who are known to be more tech-savvy, through policies and programmes in order to reduce the various types of perceived risks associated with online transactions. It is believed that this effort could enhance online consumerism among the residents of Malaysia.

"Thanks to a declining birth rate, upticks in immigration, and evolving gender roles, America looks much different from the way it did 100, 50, or even 25 years ago. Aging baby boomers are putting stress on the health care system. Young people have different values and priorities from those of previous generations. Unequal distribution of wealth has created a greater economic divide than ever before. How will America's shifting demographics affect the country's future? Through diverse viewpoints, this fascinating volume explores the many factors that contribute to what it means to be an American and how that might change in this century"--

Objectives: Mental health organizations are strongly encouraged to implement empirically supported treatments (ESTs); however, little is known about their working environments. The present study investigated how provider demographics, workplace environment, and whether ESTs were used affected the worker morale. Method: Frontline workers ( N = 1,273) from 55 different programs in a single, large organization completed a measure of organizational culture and climate (OCC) and worker morale. A multilevel regression analysis used worker demographics to predict worker morale at Level 1 and EST use and OCC scales to predict program-level worker morale. Results: Worker morale was significantly negatively correlated with EST use and significantly correlated with OCC dimensions. Regression results showed that culture and climate but not EST use predicted morale. Conclusions: Although EST use by programs in this agency had negative effects on both morale and OCC, separately, the effect on morale was subsumed by the effect on OCC.

The Syrian event formed a social laboratory that can test various theories of social sciences. Given the intensity of the conflict and the depth of the fluctuations and changes created, there are clear horizontal and vertical divisions and overlapping of the Syrian society's political attitudes towards what is happening. The importance of demographic factors in this regard was remarkable, which is an opportunity to study the factors that determine the political attitude and highlight the demographic factors. Due to the special circumstances of Syria and the difficulty of reaching all segments of society, we chose to study the political attitude of the Syrian students at Mardin Artuklu University. We distributed a questionnaire on a random sample and 212 could be accepted. After carrying out the statistical analysis of the data it was found that the most important demographic factors contributing to determining the age of political attitude, Where the older segments of the youth tended to opposition mood, and the ethnic factor, where it was found that Arabs have an attitude closer to the opposition mood compared to Kurds. While there was no significant effect on the factors such as religion, financial situation and gender.

The aim of this paper is to discuss the definition and the parameters of parental involvement. It looks at the psychological aspect of the term (i.e. from the point of view of the individual parent) while it recognizes the importance of the sociological factors that contribute to its development (the teachers' resistance, the school climate, the societal demands and expectations). The paper tries to answer questions such as: what is involvement, who gets involved and why, how can involvement be encouraged? The main argument of this paper, based on empirical evidence, is that demographic characteristics (gender, educational level, socio-economic status) could facilitate or hinder involvement, but they are not the only ones. Beliefs and attitudes could also play either role. This is hopeful because, unlike demographics, beliefs are changeable. Intervention programs that aim at the strengthening of parental involvement could take advantage of existing knowledge on attitude change.

How do investors respond to predictable shifts in profitability? We consider how demographic shifts affect profits and returns across industries. Cohort size fluctuations produce forecastable demand changes for age-sensitive sectors, such as toys, bicycles, beer, life insurance, and nursing homes. These demand changes are predictable once a specific cohort is born. We use lagged consumption and demographic data to forecast future consumption demand growth induced by changes in age structure. We find that demand forecasts predict profitability by industry. Moreover, forecast demand changes five to ten years in the future predict annual industry stock returns. One additional percentage point of annualized demand growth due to demographics predicts a 5 to 10 percentage point increase in annual abnormal industry stock returns. However, forecasted demand changes over shorter horizons do not predict stock returns. A trading strategy exploiting demographic information earns an annualized risk-adjusted return of approximately 6 percent. We present a model of inattention to information about the distant future that is consistent with the findings. We also discuss alternative explanations, including omitted risk-based factors. (JEL E21, G12, G32, J11, L11, L25)

Statistical data from the Bureau of the Census & Immigration & Naturalization Service are used to report the levels & sources of immigration into the US in the past two centuries, with particular attention to patterns since 1965, when the Immigration & Nationality Act Amendments were initiated. It is demonstrated that this legislation has resulted in an enormous increase in legal immigration from Third World countries. Because Third World immigrants have higher fertility rates, it has contributed to the demographic shift of the US to a non-European-origin country. Evidence suggests that there is a growing dissatisfaction with these demographic changes & their transformation of the US into an increasingly multiethnic, -linguistic, & -cultural nation. 15 Tables. C. Haywood

Key Demographics in Retirement Risk Management argues that the weakening of public and employer-sponsored social safety nets in several countries will permanently increase pre-retirees{u2019} risk-anxiety and create pressure towards readjustment of their expectations about the quality of their lives in retirement. The result will be to raise the priority of achieving effective comprehensive retirement related risk management.¡ This achievement requires an emphasis upon the cascading of linked risks, and careful attention to the optimization of scarce resources used to manage those linked risks. Professional financial and retirement planning advisors comprise a key source of help. This book develops new knowledge concerning the factors that help to explain three important aspects of access to these professional advisors. The results of this analysis are used to illustrate the process of identifying distinctive population segments, key demographics, on the basis of multiple population attributes treated simultaneously.¡ The illustration is further extended with an identification of distinctive population segments relative to performance on a composite indicator of the conduct of multiple retirement risk management activities.¡ The book also discusses implications of the pattern of gender differences in preparedness to address retirement{u2019}s challenges, highlighting subgroups of women in which inadequate preparedness is pronounced.¡

Key Demographics in Retirement Risk Management argues that the weakening of public and employer-sponsored social safety nets in several countries will permanently increase pre-retirees' risk-anxiety and create pressure towards readjustment of their expectations about the quality of their lives in retirement. The result will be to raise the priority of achieving effective comprehensive retirement related risk management.¡ This achievement requires an emphasis upon the cascading of linked risks, and careful attention to the optimization of scarce resources used to manage those linked risks. Professional financial and retirement planning advisors comprise a key source of help. This book develops new knowledge concerning the factors that help to explain three important aspects of access to these professional advisors. The results of this analysis are used to illustrate the process of identifying distinctive population segments, key demographics, on the basis of multiple population attributes treated simultaneously.¡ The illustration is further extended with an identification of distinctive population segments relative to performance on a composite indicator of the conduct of multiple retirement risk management activities.¡ The book also discusses implications of the pattern of gender differences in preparedness to address retirement's challenges, highlighting subgroups of women in which inadequate preparedness is pronounced.¡.